Indlela yokuhlukanisa ikhwalithi yamabhodlela engilazi

Iningi labakhiqizi bamabhodlela engilazi bathola izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zekhwalithi kumakhasimende minyaka yonke, okubangela izikhalazo nokulahlekelwa yizinhlangothi zombili. Izinkampani eziningi zokuhweba zakwamanye amazwe kanye nezimboni ezisafufusa azilawuli ikhwalithi noma zixazulule izinkinga, kodwa kunalokho zidlulisa umthwalo wemfanelo. Konke lokhu kuyizinto ezidingekayo.izinkinga zekhwalithi, okubangelwa kakhulu ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okungafanele enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinkinga ezithile zekhwalithi ezivamile futhi sinikeze izixazululo.

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhunta:
   Iningi labakhiqizi bamabhodlela ewayini engilazi basebenzisa izikhunta ezinikezwa amakhasimende noma izikhunta ezintsha ngokusekelwe emidwebweni noma emabhodleleni esampula. Ubukhulu obubalulekile obuthinta ukubumba kumele buxoxiswane futhi buxoxiswane namakhasimende ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba isikhunta sivulwe, futhi imibono mayelana nokubuyekezwa kobukhulu obubalulekile kumele kuvunyelwane ngayo. Lokhu kunomthelela obalulekile ekuvuneni komkhiqizo kanye nomphumela wokubumba. Kwezinye izimo, abanye abaklami bokudweba abasanda kuphothula abajwayelene nemishini yefektri futhi bangase badwebe imidwebo ngokusekelwe emibonweni yabo, bengayinaki iqiniso lemishini.

Izixazululo zethu zesikhunta zifaka:

1. Ukuze kuvinjelwe amaphutha okuklama isikhunta, abaklami bethu bebesembonini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, bedweba ngokushesha, beklama ngendlela efanele, futhi bekhiqiza umkhiqizo omningi. Uma udinga umklamo wamahhala, ungaxhumana nathi.
2. Zonke izibunjwa kumele zihlolwe ukuthi ziyahambisana yiniisikhunta somlomo,isikhunta sokuqala,isikhunta sokugcina, kanye nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene lapho zingena efektri. Ukunciphisa amaphutha kuqinisekisa isikhathi sokulethwa.
3. Izikhunta azisetshenziswa futhi zingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ngaphambi nangemva kokukhiqizwa, sinabasebenzi abazinikele ukufaka uwoyela ovikela ukugqwala njalo ezikhunta ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala kwesikhunta futhi kube lula ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sikhokhisa amakhasimende imali yesikhunta kanye kuphela ngohlobo olufanayo lwesikhunta. Uma isikhuntaimpilo yesevisikufinyelelwe noma konakele ngenxaizinto ezingalawuleki, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizindleko zokulungisa noma ukuphinda sikhiqize isikhunta, sizosikhokhela futhi ngeke sikhokhise amakhasimende imali eningi yesikhunta.
4. Ukuhlolwa Kwesampula:
   Ngaphambi kokuba isikhunta siqale ukukhiqizwa, kuzokhiqizwa imikhiqizo eyi-10-30 ebizwa ngokuthi amasampula. I-QC yethu izosampula imikhiqizo emi-2-3 kusuka kusikhunta ngasinye bese ihlola ukubukeka kwayo, ukucwebezela, isisindo, umthamo,incazelo yosayizi, kufaka phakathi ububanzi bangaphakathi nobangaphandle, nokuthi umbhalo oqoshwe phansi kwebhodlela ulungile futhi ucacile, nokuthi iphethini noma ilogo ebhodleleni ilungile yini.

1. Uma ikhasimende lithenga ama-lid ngesikhathi esisodwa, sizosebenzisaizivalo ezifanayoukuhlola ukuhlanganiswa nokufaniswa kwebhodlela kanye nokusebenza kokuvala. Uma kudingeka, sizohlola futhiingcindezi yangaphakathi,ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, kanye nokumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali kwebhodlela.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwenqubo:
   Ngenxa yokuthi isikhunta somlomo kulula ukusimboza ngamafutha ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, singabangela inkingaisivalo esikhululekilekanye nokuvuza. I-QC yethu izohlanza isikhunta somlomo njalo ngemva kwesigamu sehora. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi isikhunta asishintshwa, i-QC yethu izothatha amabhodlela ama-2 eqenjini ngalinye lesikhunta njalo emahoreni ama-2 ukuze kuhlolwe umthamo kanye nesisindo, futhi ihlole ububanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle bomlomo.
3. I-QC yethu izojikeleza ukuhlola ikhwalithi yamabhodlela emgqeni ngamunye wokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushintsha isikhunta. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhunta sokuqala sidinga ukushiswa ngaphambi kokushintsha, ikhwalithi yamabhodlela akhiqizwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi ayilungile, futhi wonke amabhodlela akhiqizwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi azolahlwa. Sesibe embonini iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi futhi asikaze senze amaphutha kulokhu Ukuhlolwa Okugcwele:
4. 4. Ngemva kokuba imikhiqizo iphume emgqeni wokukhiqiza, abahloli bekhwalithi kumele baqale benze ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokubonakala kwawo wonke amabhodlela. Izinto zokuhlola zifaka:
      (1)Amabhamuzaebhodleleni: Amabhamuza ayinkinga evamile emabhodleleni engilazi. Abahloli abaningi bekhwalithi abakwazi ukuqonda kahle usayizi, isibonelo, amabhamuza amakhulu kuno-∮1mm awavunyelwe endaweni yokuvala yebhodlelaumlomo webhodlela, futhi akufanele kube namabhamuza angaphezu kwayi-6 ngaphakathi kwesentimitha eli-1 lesikwele elinobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-∮1mm. Kumabhamuza anobubanzi obungu-1mm < ∮ < 6mm, akufanele kube namabhamuza angaphezu kwama-3 anebanga okungenani elingu-20mm phakathi kwawo. Kunzima ukuwabamba, ngakho-ke sesethule imishini yokuthola i-X-ray ethuthukisiwe. Umshini uzobona ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi wahlulele ukuthi ibhodlela liyafaneleka yini. Uma lifanelekile, lizoqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili emgqeni wokukhiqiza bese lilinda ukupakishwa. Uma lingafaneleki, lizolahlwa ngqo, libe izinto zokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuchitha noma ukungcolisa, ngesilinganiso sokwahlulela okungalungile esingu-0%.
      (2)Intamo egobile: Ngisho noma kungathinti umdlalo nesembozo, kuthinta ukubukeka kwebhodlela iyonke. Isizathu salokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yokungalungi kahle kwebhodlelaisikhunta somlomofuthi isikhunta esakhayo, noma uhlangothi olulodwa lwesikhunta somlomo alufakwanga ngokuphelele kusikhunta esakhayo. Lokhu kungaxazululwa ngonjiniyela bethu abakulungisa ngesandla.
      (3) Iphansi elithambekele: Ukugeleza okungalingani koketshezi lwengilazi phansi kwesikhunta esakhayo ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi koketshezi lwengilazi kungabangela ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa lube lukhulu futhi ludlule uhhafu, kuthinte isisindo futhi kunciphise izinga lomkhiqizo. Lesi simo senzeka kakhulu ngemuva nje kokushintsha isikhunta, ngoba isikhunta sidinga ukushiswa, ngakho-ke sizomunca izinga lokushisa loketshezi lwengilazi, okubangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa lehle. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, wonke amabhodlela phakathi nenkathi ngemuva kokushintsha isikhunta azolahlwa, ngakho-ke la mabhodlela ngeke apakishwe.
      (4) Ububanzi bomugqa womthungo: Umugqa womthungo onobubanzi obukhulu kuno-0.5mm, noma onomuzwa wokuklwebheka, awuvunyelwe, ikakhulukazi uma lokhu kwenzeka ngaphezu komlomo webhodlela. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi isikhunta esakhayo asisekho endaweni noma asigugile, futhi sidinga ukulungiswa, ukupholishwa, nokuhlanganiswa. Lesi simo ngokuvamile senzeka lapho kushintsha isikhunta, futhi ngalesi sikhathi, isikhunta kuphela esidinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa.
      (5) Umbala wezinto: Ngokuvamile, umbala wezinto zokusetshenziswa ngeke ushintshe kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi izilinganiso zezingxenye ezahlukene zezinto zokusetshenziswa zishintshe, okuzokwenza ibhodlela libonakale liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma liluhlaza. Ezinye izinkampani zilungisa izilinganiso zezingxenye ezahlukene zezinto zokusetshenziswa. Isilinganiso sezinto zokusetshenziswa embonini ngayinye siyimfihlo. Ngenxa yokuthi sineminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi yesipiliyoni sokukhiqiza, indlela yethu iwukulungisa isilinganiso sezinto zokusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhiqizwa. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bethu, asikaze sihlangane namacala okushintsha umbala webhodlela eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi.
      (6) Ububanzi bangaphakathi nobangaphandle bomlomo webhodlela kanye nokubonakala kwe-concave ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lomlomo webhodlela: Lena inkinga evamile ngomlomo webhodlela. Ububanzi bangaphandle: Isikhunta somlomo sivame ukuba namabala kawoyela ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, okungabangela ukuthi amazinyo angasheleli abe mancane, futhi isivalo sishelele kwesobunxele nakwesokudla, singaqini ngokwanele. Uma kuvela i-concave ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lomlomo webhodlela, i-ipulagi yangaphakathiIsivalo asikwazi ukuvaleka kahle, okuzobangela ukuvuza. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi uketshezi lwengilazi luthambile kakhulu, futhi ijubane lokudonsa umongo ngemva kokuba uketshezi lwengilazi lungene esikhumbeni sokuqala lingalawulwa ngesandla, okubangelwa uketshezi lwengilazi olungakhekanga ngokuphelele; noma umongo umfushane kakhulu, futhi ungandiswa ngokufanele ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga.
      (7) Iphansi elingaphandle kwesikhungo (ibhodlela ligobile): Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi uketshezi lwengilazi lushisa kakhulu futhi alupholanga ngokuphelele ngemva kokubumba. Uketshezi lwengilazi alupholanga ngokuphelele, futhi luthintwa amandla adonsela phansi, okubangela ukuthi ibhodlela litsheke phansi. Kungase futhi kubangelwe ukuthi umkhiqizo obunjiwe awufakwanga maphakathi nephansi.
      (8) Ihlombe elincane: Lena inkinga evamile ngamabhodlela engilazi angamahlombe ayisicaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokwakheka kwesikhunta. Ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo upakishwe, sizothinta kancane ingxenye yehlombe nge-isando serabhangesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola ukuze kutholakale izinkinga futhi kwenziwe ukulungiswa ngesikhathi.
      (9) Umzimba webhodlela ofiphele: Umzimba webhodlela unamabala amaningi angajwayelekile futhi ubukeka ufiphele, futhi awubonakali kahle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngemva kokukhululwa kwesikhunta ngesikhathi sokubumba, kuba nongqimba lwe-carbide ngaphakathi nangaphandle, olungapholishwa futhi luphathwe.
      (10) Izinto ezilukhuni: Kunezindawo eziningi ezilukhuni emzimbeni webhodlela. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthiizinga lokushisa lesithandokuphansi kakhulu, uketshezi lwengilazi aluncibiliki ngokuphelele, noma umshini wokondla ushesha kakhulu. Ijubane lingancishiswa futhi umphumela ungancishiswa, futhi kungathathwa izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa lezinto ezincibilikisiwe esithandweni.
   5. Ukuhlolwa okuzayo:
      Iabasebenzi bokuphatha ikhwalithiyeka ukusampula imfucuza epakishiwe futhi elinde ukufakwa endaweni yokugcina izinto ngokusho kwemithetho.Isampula ye-AQLuhlelo. Lapho uthatha amasampula, zama ukuthatha amasampula kuzo zonke izici (izingxenye eziphezulu, eziphakathi, nezingezansi). Ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqinile ngokwezimfuneko noma izidingo zamakhasimende. Imikhiqizo efanelekile kufanele ifakwe endaweni yokugcina impahla ngokushesha, ibekwe kahle, futhi iphawulwe ngokucacile. Kumaqoqo angahambisani, kumele amakwe, ahlukaniswe, bese ethunyelwa emuva ukuze aphinde asebenze kuze kube yilapho ephumelela ukuhlolwa.

4. Okwesithupha, Ukuhlolwa Kokucutshungulwa Kwezihlobiso Zezimbali Emabhodleleni Engilazi:
   1. Ukuguqulwa kombala obomvu: Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi izinga lokushisa loketshezi lwengilazi liphezulu kakhulu futhi ijubane lebhande le-mesh lihamba kancane kakhulu, okubangela ukwengezwai-ejenti yokususa umbalaukumisa ukusabela kokubuyiselwa.
   2. Ukungalandeli kahlei-decal yezimbali: Ngaphandle kwezinto eziku-decal yezimbali ngokwazo, lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ngenxa yezinto ezahlukene ze-decal yezimbali, amazinga okushisa ahlukene ayadingeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhaka i-decal yezimbali. Ngakho-ke, onjiniyela abaneminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni somsebenzi badinga ukulungisa izinga lokushisa kanye nezinye izilungiselelo ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhaka i-decal yezimbali, ukuze imikhiqizo ikhiqizwe ngokushesha nangokuqhubekayo.
   3. Amabhamuza esihlokweni sezimbali: Kumabhodlela abhakwe esithandweni sokushisa okuphezulu, kunezimbobo eziningi esihlokweni sezimbali, okubangelwa iqiniso lokuthi amabhamuza omoya angaphakathi kwesihlokweni sezimbali awasuswanga ngemuva kokufakwa kwesihlokwana sezimbali, noma umswakama ebusweni besihlokwana sezimbali awuzange womiswe ngaphambi kokubhaka. Kumikhiqizo esevele ibhakiwe kodwa engakafiki ezingeni elijwayelekile, ingakhuhlwa ngenciphisa i-hydrochloric acidbese kubhakwa kabusha ngemva kokufaka i-decal entsha yezimbali.
   4. Ukuxuba imikhiqizo enezitayela ezahlukene: Njengoba ukuma kwebhodlela kufana ncamashi, kudingeka kusetshenziswe amapharamitha ahlukene ephepheni lezimbali ukuze kuhlukaniswe phakathi kwezitayela ezahlukene. Amanye amafektri amancane noma izinkampani zokuhweba, ukuze kuhlangatshezwaneizinsuku zokugcina zokulethwa, izokhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhodlela emgqeni ofanayo wokukhiqiza, okuzoholela ekupakishweni okuxubile. Ukuze sigweme lesi simo, sizokhiqiza emigqeni ehlukene yokukhiqiza ukuze sigweme ukudideka.

4. Ukukhiqizwa nokucubungula amabhodlela engilazi kungase kungabhekwa njengobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kodwa kuseduze kakhulu nomsebenzisi kunemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu efana nama-chips. Ngaphambi kokuba amakhasimende axhumane nomkhiqizo wakho, azoxhumana nokupakishwa komkhiqizo wakho. Ukupakishwa okuhle akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokuthengwa komkhiqizo wakho, kodwa futhi kwandisa inani lawo. KukhonaIsisho sesiShayinaokusho ukuthi, “Ihhashi elihle elinesihlalo esihle.” Imikhiqizo emihle idinga futhi ukuhambisana nokupakishwa okuhle. Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole amasampula akho amahhala kanye nomklamo wamahhala.