Ithonya lezinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi kwewayini ekhwalithini yewayini

Njengamanje, ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo embalwa esezingeni eliphansi kanye nemikhiqizo ngayinye emakethe, imikhiqizo eminingi inomklamo wayo wokupakisha okhethekile, ongagcini nje ngokukhuthaza ukukhushulwa kwentengo yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi nokugqama emikhiqizweni encintisanayo futhi udale izinzuzo ezingcono.

1 Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinto zokupakisha iwayini

Ukupakishwa kwewayini kuhlukaniswe kakhulu kube ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kanye nokupakishwa kwangaphakathi. Izinhlobo zezinto zokupakisha zangaphandle zifaka iphepha, ipulasitiki, insimbi kanye nokhuni; izinhlobo zezinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi zifaka phakathi ipulasitiki, ingilazi, ukhuni kanye nezinto zobumba; njengoba ezinye izinhlobo ziya ngokuya zidumile, zizonikezwa ngokukhethekile abanye abahlonishwayo. Ukupakishwa kwewayini nakho kusha kakhulu, futhi abanye basebenzisa izinto zobumba, amakristalu ngisho nejade. Namuhla, ake sifunde ngethonya lezinto zokupakisha ebhodleleni lewayini ekhwalithini yewayini.

1.1 Ithonya lezinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi zewayini ewayinini

“Ukupakisha kwangaphakathi” kwewayini kubhekisela ezintweni zokupakisha ezithintana ngqo newayini. Izici zalolu hlobo lwezinto zokupakisha ziwukuzinza kwesikhashana, kodwa iphunga elimnandi lewayini lidinga ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Ukuxhumana kwesikhathi eside phakathi kwezinto zokupakisha iwayini newayini kuzothinta ikhwalithi yewayini. Lapho izitsha zokudla, izinto zokupakisha, njll. zithintana nokudla, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye zalezi zinto zingathuthela ekudleni, zithinte ngisho nokushintsha ukunambitheka noma ikhwalithi yokudla, ngaleyo ndlela zithinte ukuphepha kokudla.

1.3.2 Ingilazi yenziwa kakhulu ngamabhodlela ewayini, asobala, aqinile futhi amelana nokucindezela, anezivimbelo ezinhle, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nezakhiwo zokukhanya, futhi ingasetshenziswa ezindleleni ezahlukene zokwakha nokucubungula ukwenza iwayini lezimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Kodwa ukuze kube lula ukwakheka kwengilazi, ama-oxide kudingeka afakwe engilazini.

① Ingakha ama-oxide engilazi yodwa, bese iba ama-oxide engilazi (ama-network formers);

②Ama-oxide angakwazi ukuzenzela ingilazi ngokwawo kodwa angashintsha izakhiwo (noma isakhiwo) sengilazi, aba ama-oxide ashintsha umzimba (ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi), njenge-Li2O, Na2O, K2O,

I-CaO, i-MgO, i-BaO, njll.;

Abantu bathembele ekudleni ukuze baphile, futhi ukuphepha kokudla kuhlobene kakhulu nomthengi ngamunye, futhi ukuphepha kokudla sekuyinto ebalulekile. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezindinganiso zokuphila zabantu kanye nentuthuko esheshayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukugxila kwabantu ekuphepheni kokudla akugcini nje ngokukhawulela enkingeni yokudla uqobo, kodwa futhi nezinkinga zokuphepha kokudla ezingase zibangelwe yizinto zokwakha nemikhiqizo ehlangana nokudla sezithandwa kakhulu. Enye yezinto okufanele uzinake. Izikhathi ezivame kakhulu, njengezingubo ezikhethekile ezicebile, izinyibilikisi ezisekelwe ku-benzene ezikhwameni zokupakisha ukudla, nezinye izinkinga zokuphepha ziye zavusa ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka okukhulu kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila.

Phakathi kwezinto zokupakisha iwayini, amabhodlela ewayini engilazi asetshenziswa njengezitsha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo sekuvuthiwe. Amabhodlela ewayini e-ceramic azowohloka ngenxa yezici ezifana nokubhoboka kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi. I-Bone china inomuncwa wamanzi ophansi kanye nokubhoboka okuncane, futhi ingasetshenziswa ekupakisheni iwayini. Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla isetshenziswe kabanzi ekupakisheni iwayini, kodwa yonke inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokungalungi kwayo, futhi izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-polymer zingalungisa ukushiyeka ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezahlukene ze-polymer. Njengesikhungo socwaningo lwesayensi, kufanele siqinise ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokupakisha iwayini, sithole izinto zokupakisha ezifanele, sinikeze izihloko zobungcweti ezingcono zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yewayini, futhi sivumele isiko lewayini elihlala isikhathi eside ukuba lisakazeke ezweni laseShayina.